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, , , (. ). , LAN-. (), WAN-. , SOHO WAN- ( ) LAN-, . WAN- 10/100Base-TX, xDSL- Ethernet-.

, . , WAN- LAN-, , IEEE 802.11a/b/g. , , , , , , LAN-.

http://help.khotkovo.ru/other/images/router01.jpg

, , IP-. , IP- WAN-. , IP-:

IP-: 192.168.1.254;
: 255.255.255.0.
WAN- :

IP-: 10.0.0.254;
: 255.255.255.0.
, LAN- , IP- , . , , IP- . , , LAN-, :

IP-: 192.168.1.10;
: 255.255.255.0;
: 192.168.1.254.
, WAN- , IP- , WAN- . :

IP-: 10.0.0.10;
: 255.255.255.0.
IP- (Static IP), . . (Dynamic IP) IP-, DHCP-, IP-, DNS (DHCP-). .

NAT

NAT (Network Address Translation), . NAT () ( IP-) , IP- WAN- . , . NAT , .

NAT :

IP-, ;
, NAT- ( NAT), .
NAT , .

NAT . , , IP- , , IP- , . , IP- . IP- .

NAT () , IP- , , IP- NAT, , , IP- . NAT , : IP- IP- NAT.

. , IP- NAT (), IP- .

NAT . , IP- , , IP- , , , NAT : IP- IP- . , .

NAT-. , NAT- . , NAT-. , , NAT. , NAT. , NAT, (Virtual Server). NAT , , . , .

(Port mapping)

, (, Web- ftp-), , , IP- , . (Port mapping). IP- WAN- ( ) .

. , IP- , (Private Port) (Public Port). , , Web- ( 80), IP- 192.168.1.10, 10.0.0.254 ( WAN-) 80- Web-. , 21- , .

. , IP-. IP-, IP-. , , , Web- IP- Web- 80- Private Port Web-.

, IP- . , , , /. , , , .

, NAT-. NAT-. , (, -, , - , ) NAT-. , , .

, ( ), ( , Trigger Port), (Public Port), .

IP- , . , . , IP-.

, , , . , , . , .

DMZ-

(DMZ-) . . DMZ NAT. , . , DMZ-, IP-, .

, , IP- 192.168.1.10, , DMZ-, NAT-, WAN- IP- 192.168.1.10, DMZ-.

DHCP-

DHCP-, DHCP-, IP- . DHCP-, , IP-. , IP-, .

VPN

(Virtual Private Networking, VPN), () .

VPN-, , : (Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol, PPTP), IPsec (Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol, L2TP).

PPTP

, Microsoft, PPP, .

PPTP , (PSTN) (ISDN) . PPTP (GRE) PPP, . PPTP IPsec.

L2TP

PPTP (Layer 2 Forwarding, L2F), Cisco. L2F , IP.

L2F PPTP , Cisco Microsoft , .

IPsec

IPsec IP-. : . IPsec IP-, . IP- IPsec- IP IP-. VPN

VPN: (Pass Through) . VPN-, . VPN Pass Through, VPN- ( ) , VPN . NAT- VPN- .

VPN- , .

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